Subsequently, in the United States, Mace became synonymous with tear-gas sprays in the same way that Kleenex has become strongly associated with facial tissues (a phenomenon known as a genericized trademark).

Like CS gas, this compound irritates the mucous membranes (oral, nasal, conjunctival and tracheobronchial).

Sometimes it can give rise to more generalized reactions such as syncope, temporary loss of balance and orientation.

[9] More rarely, cutaneous irritating outbreaks have been observed and allergic contact permanent dermatitis.

[10] TRPA1 (Transient Receptor Potential-Ankyrin 1) ion channel expressed on nociceptors (especially trigeminal) has been implicated as the site of action for CN, in vivo and in vitro.