Calcare di Sogno

[5] The formation is linked with the Toarcian Anoxic Event, that is measured in the “Fish Level”, that is also the most fossiliferous section.

[6] Two cores, the Colle di Sogno and Gajum are among the best sections that recovered the ecological changes in the Pliensbachian-Toarcian Lombardy Basin.

[7] Carbon-and oxygen-isotope data calibrated against nannofossil biostratigraphy has shown that the palaeobathymetry of the deposits was about 1000 and 1500 m, being the deepest records of the T-OAE in the western Tethyan region.

[8] As the Sogno Formation was deposited mostly on a Pelagic setting, influenced by both the European and African bioregions, taxa of several provenance mix on this layers.

The Nannofosil assemblage, that ranges from moderate/poor to good decreasing in the Toarcian AOE (drastic decrease in total abundance is observed in the Fish Level), includes the taxa Lotharingius (L. hauffii, L. sigillatus, L. crucicentralis, L. velatus), Discorhabdus ignotus, Diductius constans, Carinolithus (C. poulnabronei, C. superbus), Mitrolithus jansae and Watznaueria sp.1 in the Gajum Core, while the Sogno Core shows abundance of the genera Biscutum, Calyculus, Carinolithus and Crepidolithus, whereas Bussonius, Diductius, Similiscutum, Parhabdolithus and Tubirhabdus are extremely rare.

(specially S. punctulata), showing a lower valve size than in coeval layers on connected basins (Lusitanian and Paris Basins), as local result of the Lower Toarcian Jenkyns Event, indicating changues in ocean acidification and fertility rather than temperature.

There have been different interpretations, such as a pseudoplanktonic organism,[12] a benthic organism related to open marine floor, where it was the main inhabitant of the basinal settings, and a hybrid mode, where it has a life cycle with holopelagic reproduction controlled by the change on Oxygen levels, and even a chemosymbiotic lifestile, related to the large crinoid rafts, being the main "Safe conduct" to evade anoxic events.

All the opinions along the years led to a large study in 1998, where the size/frequency distribution, the density of growth thanks to the lines related to the shell size and the position of the redox boundary by total organic carbon diagrams has revealed that Bositra probably had a benthic mode of life.

Leptolepis[2][18] Monte Cornizzolo +100 specimens Type member of the family Leptolepidae inside Leptolepiformes.

Pholidophorus[2][18] Monte Cornizzolo Several Especimens Type member of the family Pholidophoridae inside Pachycormiformes.

A small sized fish, mostly related to marine deposits, associated with various predatory behaviours, including coeloids and Crocodrylomorphs.

Planolites fossil
Thousands of specimens in one matrix