Estimates based on detailed information on individual deaths, but also extending to statistical extrapolations, became known as casualty recording in the early twenty-first century.
[1] Casualty prediction is the process of estimating the number of injuries or deaths that might occur in a planned or potential battle or natural disaster.
Author Sam Adams' book, War of Numbers discusses, in great detail, a process of casualty estimation.
Recent advances are improving the speed and accuracy of loss estimates immediately after earthquakes (within less than an hour) so that injured people may be rescued more efficiently.
After major and large earthquakes, rescue agencies and civil defense managers rapidly need quantitative estimates of the extent of the potential disaster, at a time when information from the affected area may not yet have reached the outside world.