Central began educating in 1946 when the Diocese merged the all-female Mount Marie Academy and the co-ed St. John High School.

Mount Marie Academy was an all-girls secondary school that began educating young women in 1905.

[3] The merger was authorized by the Diocese of Youngstown, given the 65 acre abundance of diocesan land upon which Mount Marie sat.

During the 2007-2008 school year, Central completed $3.2 million in renovations and upgrades: the old heating and electrical systems were replaced, academic spaces were vastly improved with dramatic upgrades to science and math classrooms, and the graphic design computer lab, art rooms, offices, and main entrance were remodeled.

In 2017 new tennis courts were installed, the outdoor patio for senior study hall was expanded, landscaping was updated, and the Grotto was restored.

Central Catholic High School plays host to several Ohio High School Athletic Association State Tournament playoff football games, and uses its award-winning Coach Doug Miller Baseball Facility to host State Tournament playoff baseball games as well.

The eastern wall was torn down to create additional room for the new football field, eight lane running track, and larger bleachers.

When the plan was announced, alumni hosted rallies which forced the school to halt construction before it began.

Each year alumni who celebrate significant anniversaries of graduation observe a Holy Mass with classmates.