Charles John Colwell Orr Hastings (23 August 1858 in Markham Township, United Province of Canada – 17 January 1931 in Toronto) was an obstetrician and public health pioneer.
from Victoria University, Toronto in 1885 and, in 1886, became a licentiate of the King and Queen’s College of Physicians in Ireland, followed by further studies in Edinburgh and London.
[2][3][4] In middle age, Hastings switched from a normal career in obstetrics to an outstanding one in public health.
[note 1] He introduced a safe water supply, eliminated privies, helped establish the public-health nursing system, medical and dental inspection in public schools, neighborhood baby clinics, childhood immunizations, and health inspections for homes and restaurants.
By 1922, under his leadership, Toronto had the lowest death rate of any large North American city.