It is situated 26 miles northwest of the town of Choteau, in the Lewis and Clark National Forest.

Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Teton River.

Topographic relief is significant as the southwest aspect rises 3,200 feet (980 meters) above the river in two miles, and the east aspect rises 3,700 feet (1,100 meters) above the prairie.

Choteau Mountain is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods.

[5] Based on the Köppen climate classification, Choteau Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and mild to warm summers.