[1] In Euripides' Bacchae, Dionysus carries out his dances and rites with his bacchants, his priestesses, on Cithaeron.

In later times, fortifications were built both at Plataea and Erythrai as the mountain formed the disputed natural border between Athens and Thebes.

[3] In one tale, Cithairon was said to have engaged in a singing contest against Helikon, which was judged by the Muses.

Cithairon won the contest and was adorned with garlands by the Muses, and Helikon became so angry due to his defeat that he smashed one of the large rocks on his slopes.

[4] In the Middle Ages, the village of Myoupolis on its slopes was the site of a monastery founded by Meletios the Younger.