Cognitive computer

[2][3] In 2023, IBM's proof-of-concept NorthPole chip (optimized for 2-, 4- and 8-bit precision) achieved remarkable performance in image recognition.

[4] In 2013, IBM developed Watson, a cognitive computer that uses neural networks and deep learning techniques.

Intel (most notably with its Pohoiki Beach and Springs systems[7][8]), Qualcomm, and others are improving neuromorphic processors steadily.

[15] This lack of backward compatibility with any previous technology (e.g., C++ compilers) poses serious vendor lock-in risks and other adverse consequences that may prevent it from commercialization in the future.

[15][failed verification] In 2018, a cluster of TrueNorth network-linked to a master computer was used in stereo vision research that attempted to extract the depth of rapidly moving objects in a scene.

[17] In 2023, IBM released its NorthPole chip, which is a proof-of-concept for dramatically improving performance by intertwining compute with memory on-chip, thus eliminating the Von Neumann bottleneck.

Intel claims Loihi is about 1000 times more energy efficient than general-purpose computing systems used to train neural networks.

[26] In March 2020, Intel and Cornell University published a research paper to demonstrate the ability of Intel's Loihi to recognize different hazardous materials, which could eventually aid to "diagnose diseases, detect weapons and explosives, find narcotics, and spot signs of smoke and carbon monoxide".

[28] It boasts faster speeds, higher-bandwidth inter-chip communications for enhanced scalability, increased capacity per chip, a more compact size due to process scaling, and improved programmability.

[29] Hala Point packages 1,152 Loihi 2 processors produced on Intel 3 process node in a six-rack-unit chassis.

[31] Critics argue that a room-sized computer – as in the case of IBM's Watson – is not a viable alternative to a three-pound human brain.

[32] Some also cite the difficulty for a single system to bring so many elements together, such as the disparate sources of information as well as computing resources.