Columbia High School's athletic teams compete as members of the Illinois High School Association in the Mississippi Division of the Cahokia Conference.

Columbia High School offers the following interscholastic sports at the varsity level: Columbia has enjoyed a number of successes on the state level of athletic competitions.

In 2010, Columbia's Cheerleading squad swept both statewide competitive cheerleading competitions by winning the IHSA (Illinois High School Association) and ICCA (Illinois Cheerleading Coaches Association) Championships in the small varsity division.

In 2012, the Eagles cheerleaders also took first place in the Advanced Co-Ed Division of the NCA High School Open National Championship held in Louisville, KY.

Columbia High School teams have trophied numerous times in many sports at the state level: