Comparison between Esperanto and Ido

Those who opposed change maintained that it was endless tinkering that had led, in their opinion, to the decline of Volapük, a once popular constructed language that had predated Esperanto's publication by a few years.

Publication took the form of a series of four articles (including a list of words singled out for possible change) in La Esperantisto monthly magazine, under the title Pri Reformoj en Esperanto.

In 1900 Louis Couturat, a French mathematician, after initial correspondence with Zamenhof created the Delegation for the Adoption of an International Auxiliary Language.

The Delegation approached the International Association of Academies, based in Vienna, in 1907, requesting it to choose between the many artificial languages.

The Delegation's response was to meet later that year (1907) in Paris as a committee under the chairmanship of Louis Couturat with the intention of deciding the issue themselves.

However, an anonymous entry was submitted at the last moment (against the rules) detailing a reformed version of Esperanto, which may have impressed the Committee.

Of all synthetic auxiliary languages, only Esperanto and Interlingua-IL de ApI gained a sizeable following and textual corpus to this day.

Since Esperanto has proved to be a living, stable language, nowadays Esperantists are less quick to reject influences from Ido.

When used as a simple addition to existing pronouns, Riismo has phonetic problems ("l" and "r" are pronounced by native speakers of Mandarin or Japanese in such a way that it can be hard to distinguish them – a fact that made Rev.

In 1967, however, Manuel Halvelik already included the additional common egui/gi in Arcaicam Esperantom (keeping li as masculine pronoun), thus inadvertently founding giismo.

The third possibility, to keep the common-like aspect of li and introduce a new masculine pronoun (e.g. hi), is the proposal of the attempts of the hiismo-class.

Other suggested innovations such as Iĉismo (to have a neutral root and masculine and feminine endings) are more acceptable and are discussed among Esperantists.

The letters ĝ and ĵ are merged into j (which has the sound of "s" in "leisure") while ĉ, ŝ, ŭ, ks/kz, and kv respectively become ch, sh, w, x, and qu.

(However, the relationship between nouns, verbs and adjectives underwent a number of changes with Ido, based on the principle of reversibility.)

Some minor differences include the loss of adjectival agreement, and the change of the plural from an agglutinative -j tacked onto the end to a synthetic replacement of the terminal -o with an -i.

Ido introduced a number of suffixes in an attempt to clarify the morphology of a given word, so that the part of speech of the root would not need to be memorized.

Ido corresponds more overtly to the expectations of the Romance languages, whereas Esperanto is more heavily influenced by Slavic semantics and phonology.

There are only two exceptions to this rule:[6] First, patro for father, matro for mother, and genitoro for parent, and second, viro for man, muliero for woman, and adulto for adult.

In Ido there is no default gender for normal root words, and one simply adds the corresponding masculine or feminine suffix only when desired.

Ido pronouns ili, eli, and oli, are translatable to Esperanto respectively, though not grammatically, as liaro, ŝiaro, and ĝiaro.

Ol, like English it and Esperanto ĝi, is not limited to inanimate objects, but can be used "for entities whose sex is indeterminate: babies, children, humans, youths, elders, people, individuals, horses, cows, cats, etc."

Many common cross-culture European names have Esperanto equivalents, such as Johano (John, Johann, Juan, Jean, etc.

This is regarded as a personal choice, and the Academy of Esperanto officially affirmed this proclaiming that "everyone has the right to keep their authentic name in its original orthography, as long as it is written in Latin letters.

In Ido, continents have their own names: Europa, Amerika (divided in Nord-Amerika and Sud-Amerika), Azia, Afrika, Oceania and Antarktika.

Many other countries have their names translated, as Germania for Germany, Chili for Chile, Usa for the United States or Chinia for China.

This is not a hard and fast rule, however, and New York is also acceptable, which is similar to writing Köln in English for the city of Cologne in Germany.

One study conducted with 20 college students at Columbia University circa 1933 suggests that Esperanto's system of correlative words is easier to learn than Ido's.

The other consisted of twenty-eight educated adults who studied Ido for twenty hours as paid subjects in an experiment.

[citation needed] The Lord's Prayer: Patro nia, kiu estas en la ĉielo, Via nomo estu sanktigita.

Li es dotita per raciono e koncienco e devas agar la una vers l'altra en spirito di frateso.