Crillon-le-Brave (French pronunciation: [kʁijɔ̃ lə bʁav]; Occitan: Crilhon) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France.

Researchers collected scrapers and piercers in the Espelettes district, and lithic tools at the Camas and Sous-les-Roques sites.

[3] In Roman times, the town went by the name Crillonium, and later Crillon, but one could say that its modern history begins in the 14th century when a leading Avignon family acquired the feudal rights to the village.

The village takes its full name of Crillon-le-Brave from the most legendary of its dukes: Louis des Balbes de Berton de Crillon or "Le Brave Crillon" (1541–1615) was one of Henri IV's fiercest and most valiant generals during the French Wars of Religion in the late 16th century.

Two wars and a failing water supply left the village almost abandoned and many of its houses fell into ruins.