The use of the nominative form equivalent to "I" is only possible with a different meaning: "Ich bin kalt"='I am cold (in personality)'.
Dative constructions appear in many fixed expressions such as this, such as mér er alveg sama ("I don't care", lit.
"to me it's completely the same"), henni er annt um umhverfið ("she cares about the environment", lit.
"to her is dear about the environment") and þú getur fengið nýjan síma þér að kostnaðarlausu ("you can get a new phone free of charge", lit.
[1] It always makes use of a pronoun or noun in the dative case which acts as the subject and the copula verb 'होना' /ɦonɑ/ (to be) in the 3rd person conjugations.
The following are some examples showing dative construction: उन्हेंunʱẽthey:DATलकड़ी कोləkɽi-kowood:ACCकुल्हाड़ी सेkulɦɑɽi-seaxe:INSTमेरे लिएmeɾe-liyefor me:DATकाटनाkɑʈnɑcut:INFहै।ɦɛːbe:3SG:PRSउन्हें {लकड़ी को} {कुल्हाड़ी से} {मेरे लिए} काटना है।unʱẽ ləkɽi-ko kulɦɑɽi-se meɾe-liye kɑʈnɑ ɦɛːthey:DAT wood:ACC axe:INST {for me:DAT} cut:INF be:3SG:PRS"They have/want to cut the wood for me with the axe.
"मुझेmujʱeme:DATसोनाsonɑsleep:INFथा।tʱɑbe:3SG:IPFV:MASCमुझे सोना था।mujʱe sonɑ tʱɑme:DAT sleep:INF be:3SG:IPFV:MASC"I had/wanted to sleep"उसेusehe/she:DATअपनेəpneself:REFL.PLपरिवारवालेpəɾɪvɑɾʋɑlefamily-members:NOMपसंदpəsəndlikeहैं।hɛ̃ːbe:3PL:PRSउसे अपने परिवारवाले पसंद हैं।use əpne pəɾɪvɑɾʋɑle pəsənd hɛ̃ːhe/she:DAT self:REFL.PL family-members:NOM like be:3PL:PRS"She likes her family.
"Passive forms construction in Hindi can make use of both the nominative and the dative case as subjects without any change of meaning.
When the dative case is used, the verb shows agreement in gender and number with the direct object (or, takes the default masculine when no object is present), but when the subject is in the nominative case, the verb shows agreement with the nominative subject of the sentence, also, the copula agrees with the nominative subject in its conjugation and it cannot be restricted to the third person.
Other verbs which show this pattern are apasionar ("to be passionate about"), antojarse ("to have a feeling for"), encantar ("to adore"), faltar ("to be lacking"), quedar ("to be remaining") and sobrar ("to be in excess").
Etymologically, the root is also found in the future forms of the copula 'be', making it very much like the Latin dative possession construction 'mihi est X'.
The "dative genitive" (datiivigenetiivi) is no longer productive in Finnish language, and it is often replaced with other cases, except in frozen expressions, e.g. luojan kiitos (thanks to god).