[2] The gods were listed by the poet Ennius in the late 3rd century BCE in a paraphrase of an unknown Greek poet:[3] Juno, Vesta, Minerva, Ceres, Diana, Venus Mars, Mercurius, Iovis, Neptunus, Vulcanus, Apollo Livy[4] arranges them in six male-female pairs: Jupiter-Juno, Neptune-Minerva, Mars-Venus, Apollo-Diana, Vulcan-Vesta and Mercury-Ceres.
[5]: 144–186 Herodotus mentions a group of twelve gods in Egypt, but this cannot be confirmed in any Egyptian sources.
[citation needed] The Greek cult of the Twelve Olympians can be traced to 6th century BCE Athens and has no apparent precedent in the Mycenaean period.
[5]: 144–186 The references to twelve Etruscan deities come from later Roman authors, writing long after the influence of the Greek pantheon had become dominant, and must be regarded with skepticism.
[5]: 232 Scholarly evaluation of this account depends on the hypothesis that the Etruscans originally immigrated to Italy from Anatolia.