[1] He was among the engineers who surrendered to the United States and traveled there, providing rocketry expertise via Operation Paperclip, which took them first to Fort Bliss, Texas.

While von Braun was on standby at Fort Bliss, Grau and other German aerospace engineers busily launched V-2s for U.S. scientists to analyze.

Grau served as the director of quality in all of those assignments, including the Saturn V program which took mankind to the moon.

Gone were the dry, desert conditions of Fort Bliss and White Sands, replaced with a green, mountainous agricultural area reminiscent of Germany.

Grau, along with von Braun's team, moved from the Army to NASA to develop the first rockets designed expressly for exploration.