)[citation needed] Electronic and electrochemical sensors are typically one part of a measuring chain.
The transmitter transforms the electrical signal into a readable form (display, current outputs, bus data transmission, etc.).
2) The cable must be shielded and of very high quality to prevent the measuring signal from being altered by electromagnetic noise.
3) The sensor cannot be calibrated or adjusted until installation, because the influence of the cable (length, resistance, impedance) cannot be neglected.
They measure parameters such as pH, redox potential, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, nitrate, SAC, turbidity.
Alternative fibre-optic cables may also be an option for long or electromagnetically hostile connections c) The sensor can be calibrated apart from the system.