[5] There are no major bodies of water in the township; however, there is a wide variety of small ponds that dot the area.

A small part of southern Dover Township south of Ottokee is drained by Turkeyfoot Creek.

As water levels rose and fell, sandy beach ridges and sand dunes formed along the shore.

Contributing to the sandiness of the soils is the Defiance Moraine, an ancient glacial ridge that runs north–south through the middle of Fulton County.

It was created late, perhaps during a short re-advancement of the glacier, before it began to melt and form Lake Maumee.

[9] While not as fertile as clay soils, the sand is well suited to fruits and vegetables, particularly potatoes, because they are easy to dig.

The Indians created this prairie of grass, interspersed with a few trees, as a hunting grounds through which they could move efficiently.

The spring's clean water made the spot a favorite Indian camp-ground and resting place in their migratory hunting excursions.

[14] For a few years after 1838, from the beginning of summer until the first frost, over half the population of the township suffered from endemic malaria, generally known as "ague" at the time.

[14] Residents of northwest Ohio in and close to the Great Black Swamp often used quinine, first isolated in 1820, to treat symptoms.

[23][24] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

[14][27][28] Today, the vast majority of the township is covered by ZIP code 43567, with mail delivered from the U.S. Post Office in Wauseon, Ohio.

A few residences in a small northwest portion of the township are served by the Post Office in Fayette, Ohio, whose ZIP code is 43521.

Eastern portions closer to the Tiffin River draw from the Lake Maumee Lacustrine Aquifer.

A small northern portion of higher elevations in the north are Williams End Moraine Aquifer.

[38][39] Fulton County Health Center in Wauseon offers the closest Emergency Department that is 4.8 miles, and approximately 9 minutes, from the fairgrounds within the township.

[40] Dover Township is within the purview of IWX, the National Weather Service (NWS) Forecast Office for Northern Indiana.