Dual process model of coping

Bereavement and the adjective 'bereaved' are derived from a verb, 'reave', which means "to despoil, rob, or forcibly deprive" according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

According to Lazarus and Folkman (1984),[full citation needed] coping strategies are the "constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taxing on or exceeding the resources of the person".

For instance, spirituality has been identified as a potential factor that could help facilitate healthy coping strategies and reduce the likelihood of developing complicated grief.

Early lack or denial of adaptive acknowledgment that they will no longer speak to the deceased or see them again might instigate compulsive and self-destructive behaviors.

These processes in a non-resilient griever can appear overwhelming, and associated guilt can be exported over friends and family in an assumptive effort which might affect interpersonal relationships.

Research indicates that without this process of reflecting on emotional experiences, it is not possible to transform them into more adaptive expressions, leading to poor mental health.

[10] In a restoration-oriented process, an individual will tackle issues tangentially related to their loss and will engage in activities that can help distract from grief and facilitate adjustment to a post-loss life.

The restoration-oriented process incorporates endurance through the reconstruction of perspective by taking over grief; grieving thoughts are adjusted adaptively by creating new meanings with the deceased.

This process allows the person to live their daily life as a changed individual without being consumed by the grieving they are facing.

[13] Therese A. Rando calls the letting-go process an emancipation from bondage due to the strength required for change and recovery.

This model is based on the idea that individuals will contend with multiple stressors following a significant loss and cannot deal with one isolated issue at a time.

There will be many situations that will take them away from grieving, necessitating a balance between coming to terms with one's loss, while simultaneously tending to establishing new social aspects of life that transcend their grief.