[2] It may also be useful for treating various types of chronic neuropathic pain [3] EMA401 has shown efficacy in preclinical models of shingles, diabetes, osteoarthritis, HIV and chemotherapy.

AT1R is the receptor subtype that was found to be mainly responsible for blood pressure, water fluid regulation, and other classical known physiological actions of angiotensin II on the renin-angiotensin system.

Spinifex Pharmaceuticals plans to proceed with larger phase II clinical trial to test higher doses for longer periods of time.

EMA401 may alleviate pain and provides relief by blocking the AngII induced potentiation which is thought to be coupled to protein kinase A. EMA401 is the sodium-salt form of (S)-2-(diphenylacetyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methoxy-5-(phenylmethoxy)- 3-isoquinoline carboxylic acid.

EMA401 reaches a maximum plasma concentration of 1000 ug/L one-hour after administration of 100 mg of EMA401 in both men and women, as observed in a phase II trial.

[20] No serious adverse effects have been observed with EMA401 in early clinical trials but there is limited evidence[21] Slightly higher frequency of complaints such as pharyngitis, headaches and allergic dermatitis are reported by individuals taking EMA401.