Election forensics

[1] It uses statistical tools to determine if observed election results differ from normally occurring patterns.

[2] These tools can be relatively simple, such as looking at the frequency of integers and using 2nd Digit Benford's law,[3] or can be more complex and involve machine learning techniques.

[2] Disadvantages of election forensics include its inability to actually detect fraud, just data anomalies that may or may not be indicative of such.

Another disadvantage is its complexity, requiring advanced knowledge of statistics and significant computing power.

Additionally, the best results require a high level of detail, ideally comprehensive data from the polling place regarding voter turnout, vote counts for all issues and candidates, and valid ballots.