Electrotherapy (cosmetic)

Cosmetic electrotherapy is a range of beauty treatments that uses low electric currents passed through the skin to produce several therapeutic effects[2][unreliable source?]

[19] The treatment works on the principle that charged ions in the skin are either attracted or repelled from the electrodes, resulting in certain chemical effects.

[23] Faradic treatments are generally used on the face and body, and work by contracting muscles with a short pulse of interrupted direct current.

[3]: 273 Microcurrent treatment works by passing a very small direct current through muscle tissue to stimulate the Golgi tendon organ.

[29] It encourages production of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) which leads to the creation and stimulation of structural proteins like elastin and collagen.

Modern professional and personal use microcurrent devices combine waves of multiple shape and vary in frequencies used.

High frequency does current convert some of the oxygen in the air surrounding the electrodes into ozone, the treatment has a germicidal action, and is also drying and warming.

[32] Consequently, the treatment is used to aid healing and also to help desquamation (the skin's natural exfoliation) and stimulate sweat and sebaceous glands.

Cosmetic Electrotherapy micro-current machine together with a selection of electrodes, made by Silver Fox (China)
" Galvanism " Electrodes touch a frog, and the legs twitch into the upward position [ 1 ]
1909 cosmetic electrotherapy advert reads: The White Cross Electric Vibrator [..] gives you your choice of Vibration, Faradic and Galvanic Electricity [..] tones up your nerves and muscles" [ 13 ]
Different waveforms are used for different micro-current treatments