[7] In the late 19th century and early 20th century, when Poland remained partitioned and occupied by neighbouring powers, thousands of Polish emigrants, including engineers, architects, doctors, teachers, many of them political refugees, settled in Manchuria (Northeast China) and greatly contributed to the foundation and development of the Chinese Eastern Railway and the city of Harbin.

[8] Tadeusz Nowkuński was the head physician of the central hospital of the Chinese Eastern Railway, active in fighting the plague and cholera epidemics in Manchuria.

[8] Several Polish writers, including Teodor Parnicki, Edward Kajdański[11] and Kazimierz Grochowski, either were born or spent part of their childhood or adulthood in Harbin, before eventually moving to Poland, where they popularized knowledge about China and East Asia.

[8] Very few Chinese people lived in Poland in the interwar period, including four in Warsaw, and one each in Ciechanów, Brześć and Nieśwież, according to the 1921 Polish census.

Poland was part of the Communist Bloc and had friendly relations with China and cooperated in international issues such as the Korean War.

But Poland did support the People's Republic of China's case for the United Nations permanent seat to return to the mainland government.

The relationship between the two countries remain steadfast as Poland became more of a western liberal democracy with a capitalist market and China embarking on Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms.

[22][23] In July 2024, the People's Liberation Army and the Armed Forces of Belarus conducted joint military exercises in the Brest Region a few kilometers from the Belarusian-Polish border.

[2] China-Polish economic relations revolves around areas such as environmental protection, finance, agricultural technology, copper industry and coal mining.