[1] Electronic voting systems arrive at their final vote totals by a series of steps: Classical approaches to election integrity focus on ensuring the security of each step individually, going from voter intent to the final total.
Support for E2E auditability, based on prior experience using it with in-person elections, is also seen as a requirement for remote voting over the Internet by many experts.
[13] After the voter selects their candidates, a voting machine prints out a specially formatted version of the ballot on two transparencies.
The system detects changes to the voter's ballot and uses a mix-net decryption[14] procedure to check if each vote is accurately counted.
[15] Chaum's team subsequently developed Punchscan, which has stronger security properties and uses simpler paper ballots.
The Prêt à Voter system, invented by Peter Ryan, uses a shuffled candidate order and a traditional mix network.
The Scratch and Vote system, invented by Ben Adida, uses a scratch-off surface to hide cryptographic information that can be used to verify the correct printing of the ballot.
Scantegrity II employs invisible ink and was developed by a team that included Chaum, Rivest, and Ryan.
[32] A modified version of Prêt à Voter was used as part of the vVote poll-site electronic voting system at the 2014 Victorian State Election in Australia.
[33] ElectionGuard was combined with a voting system from VotingWorks and used for the Fulton, Wisconsin spring primary election on February 18, 2020.
[34] A touch-screen based DRE-ip implementation was trialed in a polling station in Gateshead on 2 May 2019 as part of the 2019 United Kingdom local elections.
[35][36] A browser-based DRE-ip implementation was used in an online voting trial in October 2022 among the residents of New Town, Kolkata, India during the 2022 Durga Puja festival celebration.