[16] Starting in 1954, Eni acquired extensive exploration rights in North Africa, signing an agreement with the Egyptian government led by Nasser while providing an active and equal role for the crude producing countries through the establishment of joint ventures.

[14][17] In 1957, Eni pushed for a similar agreement, known as the "Mattei formula",[18][19] to be signed with Persian Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the National Iranian Oil Company.

[27] During the following years, Eni signed joint venture contracts with foreign companies to supply crude from Egypt to Iran and from Libya to Tunisia.

[29] In October 1973, after the Yom Kippur War and the OPEC embargo[30][31] against the United States and the Netherlands by OPEC members and Arab countries, a serious oil crisis occurred,[32] causing Eni to consolidate its position in the international market by signing an agreement with Sonatrach, the Algerian state oil entity for natural gas supply.

[34][35][36][37] During the mid-1970s, Eni planned a major infrastructure for transporting natural gas over long distances, by building a pipeline network of thousands of miles throughout Europe and the Mediterranean.

[38][39][40] After the inauguration of the Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline connecting Algeria to Sicily through Tunisia,[41] Eni signed a new agreement with Libya for the exploitation of Boùri,[42] the biggest oilfield in the centre of the Mediterranean,[43] and developed its international role within the oil industry.

[53][54][55] As the price of oil collapsed in 1998, like other major companies, Eni got into the melee of mergers, international acquisitions, new exploration and the foundation of real super-companies.

[60][61] In 2005, the Blue Stream pipeline, projected to supply gas from southern Russia to Turkey, was inaugurated as a joint venture between Eni and Gazprom.

[62][63][64] In 2007, Eni signed an agreement to conduct South Stream a feasibility study with Gazprom to import Russian gas into Europe across the Black Sea.

In May 2014 Eni agreed to sell their 32.5% share in Česká rafinerská a.s. (CRC), a refining company in the Czech Republic, to MOL Group of Hungary.

[92] In June 2014, the company signed an agreement with Sasol to acquire a 40% interest in a permit to explore 82,000-km2 offshore of South Africa's east coast.

[101][102] In November 2024, Eni launched its new HPC6 supercomputer, the most powerful in Europe and the fifth in the world, capable of executing over 600 million billion di complex mathematical operations in just one second.

[108][109] In 2018 Eni became the first shareholder of the American company Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), a spin-out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston.

[110] CFS aims to build a fusion reactor based on tokamak technology, much more compact and cheaper compared to other existing projects such as the international ITER.

[112] In December 2021, ENI become the first energy company in the world to highly invest in magnetic confinement nuclear fusion, through a $1.8 billion partnership in CFS, alla Ng with Google and Bill Gates.

[113] In 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the major oil and gas companies, including Eni, reported sharp rises in interim revenues and profits.

[118][119] In June 2022, Eni signed a joint venture with QatarEnergy for the North Field East (NFE) expansion which will be the worlds largest LNG project and begin production in 2025.

Affiliates of QatarEnergy and Eni signed a long-term sale and purchase agreement for up to 1 million tons per year (mtpa) of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Qatar's North Field expansion project.

The list of assets includes Neptune’s involvement in the Geng North-1 gas field in Indonesia, as well as projects in Western Europe, Australia and North Africa.

[129] On 13 February 2025 Eni announced its' Formula One return by supplying fuels and lubricants to Renault-powered BWT Alpine F1 Team from 2025 season onwards.

As exploration and reserve replacement being major drivers for the company,[138] Eni boosts for production additions in its core oil field areas (North and Sub-Saharan Africa,[139][140][141] Venezuela,[142][143] Barents Sea,[144][145] Yamal Peninsula,[146][147] Kazakhstan,[148][149] Iraq[150] and the Far East).

[2] Eni's power generation sites are located in Ferrera Erbognone, Ravenna, Livorno, Taranto, Mantua, Brindisi, Ferrara and Bolgiano.

[175][176] Eni is engaged in retail and wholesales activities in Central-Eastern European countries also (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Czech Republic, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Hungary).

[194] Eni and Royal Dutch Shell stood trial in Italy over allegations of corruption in the 2011 purchase of a big offshore oil field in Nigeria known as OPL 245.

[195][196][197] On 17 March 2021, the Italian court of Milan fully acquitted Eni, its chief executive officer Claudio Descalzi and Royal Dutch Shell in the corruption trial for the Nigerian oil field OPL245.