Estonia competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom from 27 July to 12 August 2012.

The Estonian Olympic Committee sent the nation's smallest delegation to the Games in the post-Soviet era.

Fifteen athletes had competed in Beijing, including two Olympic medalists (rower and silver medalist Tõnu Endrekson, and defending champion Gerd Kanter in men's discus throw).

Defending champion Gerd Kanter settled for the bronze medal in men's discus throw, while Heiki Nabi won the nation's first ever Olympic silver medal in Greco-Roman wrestling 76 years after Kristjan Palusalu's gold medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

Estonian athletes achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard):[1][2] Qualification Legend: FA=Final A (medal); FB=Final B (non-medal); FC=Final C (non-medal); FD=Final D (non-medal); FE=Final E (non-medal); FF=Final F (non-medal); SA/B=Semifinals A/B; SC/D=Semifinals C/D; SE/F=Semifinals E/F; QF=Quarterfinals; R=Repechage M = Medal race; EL = Eliminated – did not advance into the medal race; DNF = Did not finish; DPI = Discretionary penalty imposed Estonia qualified one quota place in the Women's 50 m rifle 3 position;[3] Estonia qualified in the following events.