Damnation

Damnation (from Latin damnatio) is the concept of divine punishment and torment in an afterlife for sins that were committed, or in some cases, good actions not done on Earth.

In Ancient Egyptian religious tradition, it was believed that citizens would recite the 42 negative confessions of Maat as their heart was weighed against the feather of truth.

Classical Latin damnum means "damage, cost, expense; penalty, fine", ultimately from a PIE root *dap-.

The noun damnation itself is mostly reserved for the religious sense in Modern English, while condemnation remains common in secular usage.

Catholic and many Protestant denominations hold that human sin is the product of the fall of man of Adam and Eve in the Book of Genesis.

The reasons for being damned have varied widely through the centuries,[citation needed] with little consistency between different forms of Christianity (i.e., Catholic or Protestant).

One conception is of suffering and denial of entrance to Heaven, often described in the Book of Revelation as burning in a Lake of Fire.

Another conception, derived from the scripture about Gehenna, is simply that people will be discarded (burned), as being unworthy of preservation by God.

Eastern traditions have established their views on Paradise and Gehenna from theologians like Isaac of Nineveh and Basil of Caesarea and the Fathers of the Church.

Marcion of Sinope was deemed heretical for teaching that the holy figures of the Old Testament were damned to hell while sinners would receive salvation.

[8] In contrast, most Hindus believe in universal salvation, that all souls will eventually obtain moksha, even if after millions of rebirths.

(but the line of Arthur Miller's character John Proctor[9] to his servant, "God damns all liars" uses the word in its literal sense and has not been seen as objectionable).

Salman Rushdie, in a 1985 essay on the dictionary of Anglo-Indian terms Hobson-Jobson, ends with this: "'Frankly, my dear, I don't give a small copper coin weighing one tolah, eight mashas and seven surkhs, being the fortieth part of a rupee.'