Sparingly branched, brownish conidiophores produce clusters of one-celled, club-shaped conidia in short, dry, unbranched chains.

The closely related species F. monophora and F. nubica are distributed worldwide and show the greater population-level genetic diversity than the geographically restricted F. pedrosoi.

[4] Environmental surveys have documented the recovery of F. pedrosoi on rotting wood of the Cambara tree (Gochnatia polymorpha) from the Brazilian Corporation of Agricultural Research forest in Colombo, Paraná, Brazil.

[12] Fonsecaea pedrosoi is one of several main causative agents of human chromoblastomycosis, a chronic fungal infection localized to skin and subcutaneous tissue.

[14] The presence of the agent is associated with host cell proliferation and enlargement known as hyperplasia localized to the stratified squamous epithelium and the formation of mycotic granulomas.

[3] Topical application of amphotericin B followed by long-term administration of oral antifungal therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of corneal chromoblastomycosis from F. pedrosoi.

[7] The diagnosis and treatment of chromoblastomycosis by F. pedrosoi remains clinically challenging due to the relative rarity of the disease, its slow, chronic nature, the absence of clinical features readily differentiating it from other more common diseases such as squamous cell carcinoma, the restricted nature of therapies, and the lack of literature.