In Aristotelian ethics, the concept is distinguished from other words for wisdom and intellectual virtues (such as episteme and sophia) because of its practical character.
[3] In the sixth book of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, he distinguished the concepts of sophia (wisdom) and phronesis, and described the relationship between them and other intellectual virtues.
[7] According to philosophers Kristjánsson, Fowers, Darnell and Pollard, phronesis means making decisions in regards to moral events or circumstances.
[8] There is recent[anachronism] work to return the virtue of practical judgement to overcome disagreements and conflicts in the form of Aristotle's phronesis.
[12] Critiques of the APM's empirical limitations led to McLoughlin, Thoma, and Kristjánsson developing the neo-Aristotelian Phronesis Model (neo-APM),[13] which refines the construct using contemporary psychometric techniques.