Following the Meiji Restoration and the creation of the modern municipalities system, Fujioka and Onishi towns, and Kanna, Ono, Midori, Mikuri, Hirai, Hino, and Sanbagawa Village were created in Midorino District, Gunma Prefecture and Mihara village in Minamikanra District, Gunma Prefecture on April 1, 1889.

On April 1, 1954, Fujioka annexed Kanna, Ono, Midori and Mikuri villages and was elevated to city status.

[4] Fujioka has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 18 members.

Fujioka, together with the town of Kanna, and the village of Ueno contributes two members to the Gunma Prefectural Assembly.

In terms of national politics, the town is part of Gunma 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

The celebration, which takes place in central Fujioka, features food and entertainment stalls, a flea market, parade, and street dancing.