According to the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Gaibandha Sadar Upazila had 109,628 households and a population of 437,268.

Gaibandha Sadar had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 47.50%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1045 females per 1000 males.

[6][7] According to the 1991 Bangladesh census, Gaibandha Sadar had a population of 359,226, of whom 172,249 were aged 18 or over.

[8] Gaibandha Sadar Upazila is divided into Gaibandha Municipality and 13 union parishads: Badiakhali, Ballamjhar, Boali, Ghagoa, Gidari, Kamarjani, Kholahati, Kuptola, Laxmipur, Malibari, Mollarchar, Ramchandrapur, and Shahapara.

[6] Gaibandha Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 35 mahallas.