[1] In vitro studies have found gallium to be antiproliferative due primarily to its ability to mimic ferric iron (Fe3+).

[2][5][6] Orally administered gallium maltolate has demonstrated efficacy against two types of induced inflammatory arthritis in rats.

[6] Experimental evidence suggests that the anti-inflammatory activity of gallium may be due, at least in part, to down-regulation of pro-inflammatory T-cells and inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion by macrophages.

[8][9] In related research, locally administered gallium maltolate has shown efficacy against P. aeruginosa in a mouse burn/infection model.

[11][12] Oral gallium maltolate has been investigated as a treatment for Rhodococcus equi foal pneumonia, a common and often fatal disease of newborn horses.