Gametocyte

After complete sexual reproduction and successive processes of sporogonic development, mature sporozoites accumulate in the vector's salivary gland, ready to be inoculated into a new host.

[citation needed] Male and female gametocytes are the components of the malaria parasite life cycle which are taken up from an infected host bloodstream by mosquitoes and thus mediate disease transmission.

[2] There has been much debate on the actual point of sexual differentiation and many people have shown that merozoites emerging from a single schizont developed either into further asexual stages or into gametocytes.

In order to adjust to life in such drastically different environments, many changes occur in its cell biology, metabolism, gene expression and protein synthesis.

The female is preparing for a continued development, and the male is terminally differentiated and only needs what is necessary for exflagellation (cell division cycle, dynein and α-tubulin II).

Others remain hopeful, citing the fact that the species complex life cycle offers numerous options for vaccines and treatments, as well as the proof that partial immunity does occur in endemic areas in some people.

Given that the condition often occurs in poorer parts of the world, these medications are not always available, and some people continue to experience the effects of Plasmodium vivax for years.

When people are first affected by Plasmodium vivax, they frequently show symptoms of high fever, chills, fatigue and profuse sweating.

After this primary infection, the disease can go dormant, but the symptoms may return regularly and other conditions like jaundice can develop because Plasmodium vivax establishes itself in the liver.

There is no vaccine for Plasmodium vivax, though people who travel to areas with high malaria incidence may receive treatment for it, which is administration of a 14-day course of the drugs chloroquine and primaquine.