Gas torus

In the Solar System, gas tori tend to be produced by the interaction of a satellite's atmosphere with the magnetic field of a planet.

Other examples include the largely neutral torus of oxygen and hydrogen produced by Saturn's moon Enceladus.

After the Voyager encounters, the possibility of a torus of nitrogen produced by Saturn's moon Titan was proposed.

While neutral nitrogen could not be measured, the ions near the orbit of Titan were primarily hydrogen or water group (O+, OH+, H2O+ and H3O+) from the Enceladus torus.

Trace amounts of nitrogen ions were detected but at levels consistent with an Enceladus source.