Initially planned for use as the Ministry of Post and Telegraph building in the Ottoman Empire, its construction began in 1905, and was completed in 1909.

The museum informs visitors about the country's history of communication and telecommunication services that officially began on October 23, 1840.

[3][4] The Main Post Office is situated in close distance to Spice Bazaar, New Mosque, Sirkeci Railway Terminal and Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han, which is a five-star hotel today.

Architect Vedat Tek (1873–1942) designed the building as one of the earliest examples of First Turkish National architecture style.

16th century style classical Ottoman decorative elements are predominant in the building's ornaments including its facade with two-color stone workmanship, tiled panels with Islamic geometric patterns and Kufic calligraphic scripts, sills with tiled panels as well as muqarnas in pillar heads and corbels.