Grazing incidence diffraction

Grazing incidence diffraction (GID) is a technique for interrogating a material using small incidence angles for an incoming wave, often leading to the diffraction being surface sensitive.

It occurs in many different areas: More details and citations on these can be found in the links provided above.

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Grazing incidence diffraction geometry. The angle of incidence, α, is close to the critical angle for the sample. The beam is diffracted in the plane of the surface of the sample by the angle 2θ, and often also out of the plane.