Construction of the church began with a chapel at the highest point of Oberhaberberg in 1537.
The Lutheran community became its own parish separate from that of Königsberg Cathedral in 1652, and a new church was built from 1653 to 1683 with its steeple following in 1705.
In 1774 the church's steeple was topped with a weathervane by the Königsberg coppersmith Lorenz Wietander, depicting a single-winged golden angel.
The church was used as a field hospital for Russian troops following the Battle of Eylau of 7–8 February 1807.
A shell struck the church during the bombardment of Königsberg by French troops on 14 June.