[6] In the classification of Li Rong, used by the Language Atlas of China, it was treated as a separate Min subgroup.

[10] Below is a table for the consonants of Hainanese across the dialects of Wenchang, Haikou and Banqiao.

[9] For more information on a specific variety, please consult the relevant article.

Many of the most widely spoken varieties of Hainanese notably have a series of implosive consonants, /ɓ/ and /ɗ/, which were acquired through contact with surrounding languages, probably Hlai.

Hainanese Pinyin (海南话拼音方案) is a phonetic system announced by the Education Administration Department of Guangdong Province in September 1960.