Specific organizations were also created for research in agricultural technology (INTA), industrial (INTI), nuclear (CNEA), defense (CITIDEF) and space (CNIE, now CONAE ).
[4] Argentina has a long tradition of biomedical research and has earned three Nobel Prizes: Bernardo Houssay (1947, the first in Latin America), Luis Federico Leloir (1970), and César Milstein (1984).
The government of Carlos Menem (1989–1999) produced new changes in the Argentine scientific system with the creation of the ANPCyT (1997), which absorbed the function of providing subsidies and credits that CONICET had previously covered.
During this period, vacancies in the scientific system were almost nil, generating a new brain drain, which continued during the De la Rúa government (1999–2001) when the economic crisis came into play.
During Alberto Fernández's first year (2019–), the Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation was re-created, although it continues to suffer from significant budget deficits.