It borders Northamptonshire to the north, Huntingdonshire to the east and the Bedfordshire hundreds of Willey and Barford to the south.
Three vills - Oakley, Clapham and Milton Ernest - are separated from the rest of the hundred by the parishes of Beltsoe and Thurleigh, which are part of the half-hundred of Buckelow and hundred of Willey respectively.
The hundred was formed after King Edward the Elder subdued the Vikings of Bedford in 915 and constructed two burhs on each side of the River Ouse in Bedford.
[1] Stodden consisted of 100 hides, and included the following vills: Clapham, Melchbourne, Yielden, Dean, Bolnhurst, Milton Ernest, Riseley, Shelton, Oakley, Knotting, Tilbrook, Hanefelde (now Pertenhall), [Little] Staughton and Shirdon[2] By 1831, the parish of Keysoe was also listed within Stodden, which was not listed as a settlement at Domesday but was within the apparent boundary of the hundred.
[3] In 1888 the parish of Swineshead, previously a detached part of Huntingdonshire, was transferred to Stodden and Bedfordshire and Tilbrook was transferred to Huntingdonshire.