Hydrotrope

The term hydrotropy was originally put forward by Carl Neuberg[1][2] to describe the increase in the solubility of a solute by the addition of fairly high concentrations of alkali metal salts of various organic acids.

However, the term has been used in the literature to designate non-micelle-forming substances, either liquids or solids, capable of solubilizing insoluble compounds.

The anionic group is involved in bringing about high aqueous solubility, which is a prerequisite for a hydrotropic substance.

[5] They are coupling agents, used at concentrations from 0.1 to 15% to stabilize the formula, modify viscosity and cloud-point, reduce phase separation in low temperatures, and limit foaming.

[9]30526-22-8 827-21-4 32073-22-6 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to prevent aggregation of proteins at normal physiologic concentrations and to be approximately an order of magnitude more effective than sodium xylene sulfonate in a classic hydrotrope assay.

[11] In a recent study, however, the hydrotropic capabilities of ATP have been questioned as it has severe salting-out characteristics due to its triphosphate moiety.

[5][8] Aggregate exposures to consumers (direct and indirect dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation) have been estimated to be 1.42 ug/Kg bw/day.