The Hypogeum of Vibia is part of a small complex of pagan burial chambers in Rome which were constructed along the Via Appia in the late 4th century CE.

This hypogeum is located on the left side of the street, approximately 1.5 kilometers outside the Aurelian Walls, where the Via Appia passes through the Porta San Sebastiano as it leaves the boundaries of the ancient city.

It is about 250 meters north-east from the large Catacomb of Callixtus complex, which is found on the opposite side of the Via Appia and in which many popes and saints were interred in the 2nd-4th centuries.

The entrance to the catacombs can be accessed now at the address 101 Via Appia Antica, but in ancient times it would have been reached by a lane that branched off from the main road.

The first of these depicts Vibia as Proserpina being abducted by Pluto on a quadriga, a scene which was a common visual metaphor for death in Roman art.

She is then shown, like Vincentius above, reclining on a stibadium couch and feasting with six other figures, who, according to the caption, were also judged to be righteous (bonorum iudicio iudicati).

In another gallery down the corridor from Vibia and Vincentius, a funerary inscription was found dedicated to two more priests of Mithras (sacerdotibus dei Solis Invicti Mitrae).

[7] The arcosolium of the "Vintners" has some well-preserved paintings relating to the production and transportation of wine, and is found in the latest part of the complex.

[9] The hypogeum was first recorded by Giovanni Gaetano Bottari in 1754,[10] but he did not publish details about its archaeology or location, and he assumed that it was part of the nearby catacombs of Callixtus.

[7] By the end of the 19th century, archaeologists realized that the burials were in fact pagan, and that they were originally placed in separate private hypogea that were joined together in later times.

[4] More complete excavations were carried out from 1951-1952 by Antonio Ferrua, a Jesuit priest working on behalf of the Pontifical Commission of Sacred Archaeology.

Ferrua published his findings in 1971 and 1973,[7][9] and these reports contain some black and white photographs of the paintings and inscriptions in the tombs as well as sketch plans of the structure.