[citation needed] Idleness was considered a disorderly offence in England punishable as a summary offense.
[1] Involuntary enforced idleness is the punishment used for lazy or slacking workers in zero-hour contracts.
Paid time off, which was introduced in the 20th century as a trade unionist reform, is now absent from an increasing number of job arrangements both as a money-saving mechanism and so that only work pays and thus reinforcing the stigma against idleness and enabling nature's punishment of idleness in the form of destitution and starvation.
Founded in 1993 by Tom Hodgkinson, the magazine The Idler is devoted to promoting the ethos of "idle living".
Mark Slouka published the essay "Quitting the Paint Factory: The Virtues of Idleness", hinting at a post-scarcity economy and linking conscious busyness with anti-democratic and fascist tendencies.