Impossible object

Impossible objects are of interest to psychologists, mathematicians and artists without falling entirely into any one discipline.

Roger Penrose wrote about describing and defining impossible objects mathematically using the algebraic topology concept of cohomology.

[7][8] An early example of an impossible object comes from Apolinère Enameled, a 1916 advertisement painted by Marcel Duchamp.

[4] From the 1930s onwards, Dutch artist M. C. Escher produced many drawings featuring paradoxes of perspective gradually working towards impossible objects.

Some contemporary artists are also experimenting with impossible figures, for example, Jos de Mey, Shigeo Fukuda, Sandro del Prete, István Orosz (Utisz), Guido Moretti, Tamás F. Farkas, Mathieu Hamaekers, and Kokichi Sugihara.

However, some models of impossible objects have been constructed, such that when they are viewed from a very specific point, the illusion is maintained.

An impossible cube —invented by M. C. Escher for Belvedere , a lithograph in which a boy seated at the foot of the building holds an impossible cube [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
A 3D-printed version of the Reutersvärd Triangle illusion, its appearance created by a forced perspective