Independencia (Spanish pronunciation: [indepenˈdensja]) is a province of the Dominican Republic, located in the west, on the border with Haiti.

The province Independencia was founded in the lands that in previous times belonged to a Cacique called Ximani who was related to the cacicazgo of Xaragua.

The law that created this province, December 29, 1948, had originally assigned the name of "Provincia de Jimaní" to the province.

The name was then changed January 28, 1949, to "Provincia Nueva Era".

Rural population are those living in the districts (Secciones, literally "sections") and neighborhoods (Parajes, literally "places") outside of them.