Intuition
Jung thought that extroverted intuitive types were likely entrepreneurs, speculators, cultural revolutionaries, often undone by a desire to escape every situation before it becomes settled and constraining—even repeatedly leaving lovers for the sake of new romantic possibilities.
Gary Klein found that under time pressure, high stakes, and changing parameters, experts used their base of experience to identify similar situations and intuitively choose feasible solutions.
[13] In employing a similar design[clarification needed], they noted that highly intuitive subjects made decisions quickly but could not identify their rationale.
[14] According to the works of Daniel Kahneman, intuition is the ability to automatically generate solutions without long logical arguments or evidence.
Its[ambiguous] automatic nature occasionally leads people to experience cognitive illusions, assumptions that our intuition gives us and are usually trusted without a second thought.
[16][page needed] Gerd Gigerenzer described intuition as processes and thoughts that are devoid of typical logic.
He described two primary characteristics to intuition: basic rules of thumb (that are heuristic in nature) and "evolved capacities of the brain".
[5][page needed] The two work in tandem to give people thoughts and abilities that they do not actively think about as they are performed, and of which they cannot explain their formation or effectiveness.
In the East intuition is mostly intertwined with religion and spirituality, and various meanings exist in different religious texts.
He finds that this process, which seems to be decent,[clarification needed] is actually a circle of progress, as a lower faculty is being pushed to take up as much from a higher way of working.
[24] In the West, intuition does not appear as a separate field of study, but the topic features prominently in the works of many philosophers.
In his Republic he tries to define intuition as a fundamental capacity of human reason to comprehend the true nature of reality.
[28] In his book Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes refers to an "intuition" (from the Latin verb intueor, which means "to see") as a pre-existing knowledge gained through rational reasoning or discovering truth through contemplation.
It consists of the basic sensory information provided by the cognitive faculty of sensibility (equivalent to what might loosely be called perception).
There are divergent accounts of what sort of mental state intuitions are, ranging from mere spontaneous judgment to a special presentation of a necessary truth.
[citation needed] The metaphilosophical assumption that philosophy ought to depend on intuitions has been challenged by experimental philosophers (e.g., Stephen Stich).
It is characterized by rejecting the law of excluded middle: as a consequence it does not in general accept rules such as double negation elimination and the use of reductio ad absurdum to prove the existence of something.
[citation needed] Researchers in artificial intelligence are trying to add intuition to algorithms, as the "fourth generation of AI"; this can be applied to many industries, especially finance.
In a 2022 Harvard Business Review article, Melody Wilding explored "how to stop overthinking and start trusting your gut", noting that "intuition... is frequently dismissed as mystical or unreliable".
She suggested that there is a scientific basis for using intuition and refers to "surveys of top executives [which] show that a majority of leaders leverage feelings and experience when handling crises".
[44] Intuition was assessed by a sample of 11 Australian business leaders as a gut feeling based on experience, which they considered useful for making judgments about people, culture, and strategy.
