He was the youngest son of Gaspar de la Cueva y Mendoza, III Marquis of Bedmar and Manuela Enríquez Osorio.
He pursued a military career, and served in Milan, the Low Countries where he was captain general of the artillery and then in Spain.
After the outbreak of the Nine Years' War, he returned to the Low Countries, as General of the Flanders army, with the rank of Maestre de Campo.
He was not able to prevent Menno van Coehoorn from taking the fortress of Saint Donas, and in August 1702 he failed to conquer Hulst, and in 1703 he fought the Battle of Ekeren against the Dutch.
Suffering from poor health, he left the Southern Netherlands for Versailles in February 1705, where he received the Order of the Holy Spirit.