Italian verbs have a high degree of inflection, the majority of which follows one of three common patterns of conjugation.
Italian conjugation is affected by mood, person, tense, number, aspect and occasionally gender.
Others, such as andàre "to go", stare "to stay, to stand", dare "to give", fare "to do, to make", and numerous others, follow various degrees of regularity within paradigms, largely due to suppletion, historical sound change or analogical developments.
Similarly, dire ("to say") comes from dīcere, bere ("to drink") comes from bibere and porre ("to put") comes from pōnere.
The pronoun tu (and corresponding verb forms) is used in the singular towards children, family members and close friends (cf.
The forms vado and faccio are the standard Italian first person singular forms of the verbs andare and fare, but vo and fo are used in the Tuscan dialect.
Similar alternations are found in other verbs: The present perfect is used for single actions or events (stamattina sono andato a scuola "I went to school this morning"), or change in state (si è arrabbiato quando gliel’ho detto "he got angry when I told him that"), contrasting with the imperfect which is used for habits (andavo in bicicletta a scuola ogni mattina "I used to go to school by bike every morning"), or repeated actions, not happening at a specific time (si arrabbiava ogni volta che qualcuno glielo diceva "he got angry every time someone told him that").
Except with an immediately preceding third person pronominal direct object, the participle always ends in -o.
When using essere, the past participle agrees in gender and number with preceding third person direct object clitic pronouns, following the same pattern of nouns and adjectives: Reflexive verbs always use essere, and their past participle agrees with the subject or with third person object pronouns, if these precede the verb.
The Imperfect is, in most cases, formed by taking the stem along with the thematic vowel and adding v + the ending of the '-are' verbs in the present tense (with -amo instead of -iamo).
There are no irregular conjugations in the Imperfect except for essere, which uses the stem er- and v appears only in 1st and 2nd person plurals.
The Absolute Past may at all times be replaced with the Present Perfect (but not vice versa).
Historically speaking, these are derived from the present forms of the verb avere.
The second-person singular Imperative is formed: *For the verbs andare, dare, fare, stare the conjugation actually follows the natural ending of the conjugation, but the apostrophe is needed to distinguish them from the third personal singular of the Indicative Present.
is identical to the Present Indicative, but allows for pronominal suffixes (e.g. andiamocene "let's go away" vs. ce ne andiamo "we are going away").
As with the polite singular, objective personal pronouns come before the verb as opposed to after it.
Like the imperative, all nominal verb forms (including the infinitive) have their objective personal pronouns suffixed rather than placed before them.
Verbs derived from others (e.g. apprèndere, comprèndere, sorprèndere, ... from prèndere) and the ones which end in the same way (e.g. stèndere, rèndere, accèndere, ...; compare véndere, which is regular) are formed according to the same conjugation.The list does not include essere, avere, andare, stare, dare and fare, that have already been conjugated throughout the article.