Jílové u Prahy (German: Eule) is a town in Prague-West District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.

The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

Jílové u Prahy consists of seven municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):[2] The original form of the town's name was Jílový.

The adjective jílový (from jíl, i.e. 'clay') was related to a hill at the foot of which gold was washed from the clay.

The mining and importance of Jílové was partly revived by King Vladislaus II, but another decline of the town came with the Thirty Years' War.