Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada Peruvian War of Independence José Inácio de Abreu e Lima (6 April 1794 — 8 March 1869) was a Brazilian military officer, politician, journalist and writer.

At that time, the Ordinances of the Kingdom of Portugal, that is, the code of laws in force, did not limit its lèse-majesté punishments to those condemned of such crimes, but also imposed them on the second generation, thus, as a young captain in the beginning of his career, the execution of Inácio's father under these conditions put an end to his military career in Brazil.

[1] He escaped from prison in the province of Bahia with his brother Luis Inácio, in 1818, and went to the United States, from where the revolutionary example was projected, as well as from France, and the Enlightenment and radical liberal ideas.

In his first letter to Bolívar, Abreu e Lima committed himself, in his own handwriting, “to sacrifice himself for the independence and freedom of Venezuela, and for all of South America”.

[3] With the death of Bolívar, the newly formed government that succeeded him, under the rule of Francisco de Paula Santander, did not recognize Inácio's military rank.