Karl F. Lindman

[1] Following his doctoral stufies, Lindman served as a secondary school teacher and authored textbooks in physics, chemistry and astronomy in Swedish and Finnish.

He died on 14 February 1952 and was survived by his son, Sven Lindman, who was a professor of political science in Åbo Akademi.

He has constructed the artificial medium from left- and right-handed copper helices that are suspended in cotton; he has observed that this composite material rotates the linearly polarized microwave signal in a circular waveguide apparatus.

His observations were first reported in the same year in the proceedings of Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters;[1][3] these were subsequently published in 1920 and 1922 in the German-language journal Annalen der Physik.

[4][5] Even though this experiment came after the Jagadish Chandra Bose's 1898 study on optical rotation of microwaves,[6] it has acted as a progenitor to artificial dielectrics and metamaterials.

In addition to resonances of wire antennas, Lindman has studied millimeter and infrared wave propagation, diffraction grids, scattering and waveguides.