However, the Kasama were destroyed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi for supporting the Odawara Hōjō, and their lands were given to the Utsunomiya clan, and subsequently to Gamo Hideyuki in 1598.
Following the Battle of Sekigahara, Matsudaira Yasushige was promoted to 30,000 koku from his previous holding of Kisai Domain and was given the newly created Kasama Doman in 1601.
He was replaced at Kasama by Ogasawara Yoshitsugu, who was then relieved of the domain less than a year later due to financial improprieties.
In 1757, Makino Sadamichi, the Kyoto shoshidai and daimyō of Nabeoka Domain in Hyuga Province was transferred to Kasama, which his descendants then held until the Meiji restoration.
The domain also made efforts towards the opening of new rice lands and development of fertilizers to raise yields, as the expenses of the Makino lords was very great due to the numerous offices they held within the shogunal administration.